硬體
ESP32-S3 Runs a 28.9-Million-Parameter Model from 16MB Flash Using Hierarchical Embeddings, Generating About 9.5 Tokens per Second
The open-source esp32-ai project moves most parameters into memory-mapped Flash while keeping only a small Transformer core in fast memory, enabling a roughly $8 microcontroller to generate text entirely offline. The result shows that hierarchical models can be embedded in firmware, but TinyStories-level output should not be equated with general language understanding or device-control capabilities.